On the Evolution of the Position and Status of Russian Civil Administrators in XV-XIX

Abstract

In the article the changes of terms of service, position and status of Russian civil administrators in XV-XIX are considered in historical perspective. The author investigates such questions as changes of number, financial allowance, responsibility and punishment of civil administrators, the specific features of equipping the office premises and work places, and also changes in working pattern. In the article special attention is paid to the analysis of appearance of bribery among civil administrators, which the author explains by the permitted types of additional incomes, which used to be in practice in XVI-XVII and also with diminishing of financial allowance of civil administrators in XVIII.