"Smart City" in Socio-Political Projection (The Case of Barcelona)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2022-1-103-114Keywords:
"Smart City", information and communication technologies, socio-political projection, participatory democracy, BarcelonaAbstract
This article reveals the process of becoming a “smart city” based on the materials of Barcelona. The socio-political aspects of the use of “smart city” technologies in the information and communication era are revealed.The authors use of the system method made it possible to study the technologies of the “smart city” in aggregate, and the use of the comparative method made it possible to establish the specifics of the development of Barcelona during the tenure of Mayor Xavier Trias and Ada Colau. The authors draw attention to the reasons for the recognition of the capital of Catalonia as the most high-tech city in the world in 2015. It is emphasized that Barcelona has made a rapid breakthrough in a relatively short period of time, turning into a post-industrial city. It is noted that the driver of Barcelona’s transformation was the holding of the XXV Summer Olympic Games in 1992, which essentially changed the appearance of the city.The authors point to the additional opportunities in city management that the information and communication revolution led to and the speed of the Internet penetration rate. It is emphasized that information and communication technologies led to the transformation of a rigidly vertical bureaucratic system of exercising power and set the vector of its transition to a horizontal (network model) based on the effects of high technologies.It is noted that the modern model of exercising power in Barcelona presupposes the active involvement of citizens in the processes of city management, based on the use of technological platforms that simplify coworking processes.As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that the contemporary paradigm of the “smart city” involves the involvement of citizens as active participants in decisionmaking and planning. Attention is focused on the formation of two models of urban governance in Barcelona, differing in the dynamics of the exercise of power and the prevalence of tendencies from “top to bottom” (mayors of the city of K. Trias) and from “bottom to top” (mayor of the city A. Colau). The authors emphasize that modern Barcelona is not only a flagship of technological development, but also a city with democratic traditions and a high level of humancentered orientation.Downloads
References
Василенко И. А. "Умный город" как социально-политический проект: возможности и риски смарт-технологий в городском ребрендинге // Власть. 2018. № 3. С. 13-18.
Василенко И. А. "Умный город" как социально-политический проект: каким он будет в России? Экспертный круглый стол на факультете политологии МГУ / И. А. Василенко, С. В. Володенков, К. С. Гаджиев, В. И. Коваленко, А. П. Кочетков, А. Н. Люлько, А. И. Соловьев // Власть. 2020. № 1. С. 51-63.
Володенков С. В. Политическое управление как процесс информационно-коммуникационного регулирования современных общественных отношений // Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология. 2017. Т. 19. № 3. С. 279-289.
Гарас Л. Н. "Умный город": особенности политического управления (на примере города федерального значения Севастополь) // Общество: политика, экономика, право. 2020. № 5 (82). С. 21-25.
Пахомов Е. В. Технологическая основа "Умного города" // Инженерный вестник Дона. 2017. № 3. URL: http://www.ivdon.ru/uploads/article/pdf/IVD_109_Pakhomov1.pdf_0b44ff1497.pdf (дата обращения: 18.04.2021).
Albino V., Berardi U., Dangelico R. Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives // Journal of Urban Technology. 2015. N 22 (1). Р. 3-21.
Artin С. S. From $80 Billion to $135 Billion: Global Smart City Spending Still Climbing // Industrial IoT News. 2018. March 02. URL: https://www.iotevolutionworld.com/iot/articles/437272-from-80-billion-135-billion-global-smart-city.htm (дата обращения: 23.04.2021).
Bakıcı T., Almirall E., Wareham J. A Smart City Initiative: the Case of Barcelona // Journal of the Knowledge Economy. 2013. Vol. 4. Р. 135-148.
Bibri S. E., Krogstie J. Smart Sustainable Cities of the Future: An Extensive Interdisciplinary Literature Review (Review) // Sustainable Cities and Society. 2017. Vol. 31. 1 May. Р. 183-212.
Bibri S. E., Krogstie J. The Emerging Data-Driven Smart City and its Innovative Applied Solutions for Sustainability: the Cases of London and Barcelona // Energy Inform. 2020. Vol. 3. N 5. URL: https://energyinformatics.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s42162-020-00108-6 (дата обращения: 20.04.2021).
Calzada I. (Smart) Citizens from Data Providers to Decision-Makers? The Case Study of Barcelona // Sustainability 2018. N 10 (9). P. 32-52. URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/9/3252/htm (дата обращения: 20.05.2021).
Calzada I., Almirall E. Data Ecosystems for Protecting European Citizens' Digital Rights // Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy. 2020. Vol. 14. N 2. Р. 133-147.
Chourabi H., Nam T., Walker S. Ramon Gil-Garcia J. Understanding Smart Cities: An Integrative Framework // 2012. 45th Hawaii International Conference on on System Sciences. Р. 2289-2297.
Csukása M. S., Szabób R.Z. The Many Faces of the Smart City: Differing Value Propositions in the Activity Portfolios of Nine Cities // Сities. 2021. N 112. May. P. 103-116. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264275121000147 (дата обращения: 18.05.2021).
Fava N. Тourism and the City Image: the Barcelona Olympic Case. A Conference of the International Forum on Urbanism. "6th Conference of the International Forum on Urbanism (IFoU): TOURBANISM, Barcelona, 25-27 gener". Barcelona: IFoU, 2012. Р. 1-10.
Ferrer J.-R. Barcelona's Smart City Vision: an Opportunity for Transformation // Field Actions Science Reports, Special Issue. Smart Cities at the Crossroads. 2017. N 16. Р. 70-75.
Florida R. The Flight of the Creative Class: The New Global Competition for Talent. New York: Harper Business, 2005.
Forster R. How Barcelona's Smart City Strategy is Giving ‘Power to the People'?. URL: https://www.itu.int/en/myitu/News/2020/05/04/09/03/How-Barcelonas-smartcity-strategy-is-giving-power-to-the-people (дата обращения: 25.04.2021).
Holmes D. eGov. eBusiness Strategies for Government. London: Nicholas Bredley Publishing, 2001.
Joshi S., Saxena S., Godbole T., Shreya Developing Smart Cities: An Integrated Framework // Procedia Computer Science. 2016. Vol. 93. P. 902-909.
Kitchin R. Data-driven, Networked Urbanism: The Programmable City Working Paper 14 (2015. August 10). URL: http://www.spatialcomplexity.info/files/2015/08/SSRN-id2641802.pdf (дата обращения: 18.04.2021).
López i Ventura J. Barcelona's Smart City Strategy. URL: https://www.c40.org/case_studies/barcelona-s-smart-city-strategy:~:text=Barcelona's%20Smart%20City%20Strategy%20is,to%20Innovation%20and%20many%20others (дата обращения: 21.04.2021).
Rheingold H. Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution. New York: Basic Books. 2003.
Smart Cities: Digital Solutions for a More Livable Future // McKinsey Global Institute. 2018. 5 June. URL: https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Public%20and%20Social%20Sector/Our%20Insights/Smart%20cities%20Digital%20solutions%20for%20a%20more%20livable%20future/MGI-Smart-Cities-Executive-summary.pdf (дата обращения: 18.04.2021).
Smith L. Smart City Portrait: Barcelona. URL: https://hub.beesmart.city/city-portraits/smart-city-portrait-barcelona (дата обращения: 18.05.2021).
Smith A., Prieto Martin P. Going beyond the Smart City? Implementing Technopolitical Platforms for Urban Democracy in Madrid and Barcelona // Journal of Urban Technology. 2021. Vol. 28. Is. 1-2. P. 311-330.
The Century of the City // Nature. 2010. Vol. 467. N 7318. P. 900.
West D. M. Digital Government: Technology and Public Sector Performance. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton Univ. Press. 2005.
